مهندسی ترافیک

مهندسی ترافیک

ارزیابی ریسک زیست‌محیطی و پهنه‌بندی مخاطره آلودگی صوتی در ایستگاه‌های (روباز و سرپوشیده) مترو تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
هومن بهمن‌پور
استادیار گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران
چکیده
در این تحقیق، آلودگی صوتی در خط 5 متروی تهران موردبررسی قرار گرفت. پارامترهای تراز فشار صوت (SPL یا LP)، میانگین تراز صوتی ( )،‌ تراز پیوسته معادل صدا (Leq) و دز روزانه فردی LAEp,d محاسبه گردید. بدین منظور، از روش ایستگاهی برای سنجش و اندازه‌گیری میزان تراز صوت استفاده گردید. تراز صوتی توسط دستگاه پرتابل و نرم‌افزار Decible X نسخه 2019 اندازه‌گیری گردید و با استاندارد صوتی (OSHA-90 dBA) مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. مدت‌زمان اندازه‌گیری در هر ایستگاه 30 دقیقه و هرکدام 3 بار تکرار گردید. از روش کیفی و روش دوعاملی برای ارزیابی ریسک استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که کمترین میانگین تراز صوتی 69.73 دسی‌بل است. همچنین؛ بیشترین میانگین تراز صوتی 92.3 دسی‌بل است. هیچ‌یک از ایستگاه‌های واقع در طول مسیر دارای تراز فشار صوت در حد استاندارد داخلی نیستند. میانگین تراز صوت در طول مسیر برابر با dB 74.4 است. تراز معادل مواجهه صوت (dBA) Leq 84.4 دسی‌بل برآورد می‌گردد. همچنین؛ دز روزانه فردی LEp,d  ک مسافر در ایستگاه‌های واقع در طول مسیر مطالعاتی برابر با 85.65 دسی‌بل است. مدت‌زمان مجاز جهت حضور و تردد در مسیر برای مسافران حدود 1 ساعت (56 دقیقه) تعیین گردید که با وضعیت موجود مطابقت دارد. از سوی دیگر، تفاوت چندانی میان تراز صوت در نوبت اول و سوم مشاهده نمی‌شود (در حد 2.5 دسی‌بل). تراز معادل 82.5 دسی‌بل برآورد گردید. دز روزانه فردی LEp,d  ک مسافر در طول مسیر و در داخل کابین 83.75 محاسبه شد. شدت ریسک مربوط به آلودگی صوتی در مسیر موردمطالعه، زیاد (شدید) است و احتمال وقوع نیز ممکن (محتمل) است. درنتیجه، سطح ریسک قابل‌توجه ارزیابی می‌گردد. درجه ریسک نیز، 3B تعیین می‌گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
سنجش صوت
تراز صوت
تراز معادل
حدود مجاز مواجهه
خط 5 مترو
  • Abbaspoor, M. (2016). Environmental engineering, second edition, Islamic Azad University, 628 p. [In Persian].

 

  • Agrawal, Y., Niparko, J.K., Dobie, R.A. (2010). Estimating the effect of occupational noise exposure on hearing thresholds: the importance of adjusting for confounding variables. Ear and hearing. 2010; 31: 234-237.

 

  • Arslan, C., Gürel, E., Yıldırım, E., Orhan, S. (2002). Noise Pollution in Sports Areas and Researching Health Risks. Result from Noise Pollution, 16, 281-288.

 

  • Babisch, W., Pershagen, G., Selander, J., Houthuijs, D., Breugelmans, O., Cadum, E. (2013). Noise annoyance a modifier of the association between noise level and cardiovascular health? Sci. Tot. Environ. 452-453.

 

  • Babisch, W., Van Kamp, I. (2019). Exposure-response relationship of the association between aircraft noise and the risk of hypertension. Noise Health. 11, 161-168.

 

  • Babisch, W., Houthuijs, D., Pershagen, G., Cadum, E., Katsouyanni, K., Velonakis, M., Dudley, M.L., Marohn, H.D., Swart, W., Breugelmans, O. (2009). Annoyance due to aircraft noise has increased over the years, results of the HYENA study. Environment International, 35: 1169-1176.

 

  • Bahmanpour, H., Fahiminejad, A. (2021). The importance of measuring noise pollution in sports spaces, Environmental Management, Sustainable Development, Volume 2, Issue 19 (March-April. 2021), 6 p. [In Persian].

 

  • Bazaras, J. (2016). Internal noise modeling problems of transport power equipment. Transport 2006; 21(1); 19-24.

 

  • Chang, L.H., Bahmanpour, H., Fahiminejad, A. (2021). Measurement of sound level in sports clubs with the approach of maintaining the health of athletes, Anthropogenic Pollution Journal, Vol 5 (1), 2021: 62-71.

 

  • Clark, C., Head, J., Stansfeld, S.A. (2013). Longitudinal effects of aircraft noise exposure on children's health and cognition: a six-year follow-up of the UK RANCH cohort. J. Environ. Psychol. 2013; 35, 1-9.

 

  • Clark, W.W. (1991). Noise exposure from leisure activities: A review. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90, 175–181.

 

  • Dobie, R. (2002). Economic comparison for hearing loss. Occup Med State Art Rev 10: 663-668.

 

  • Dursun, Ş., Özdemir, C. (2014). Preparing the Map of Noise Pollution in Konya City Centre, Project No: 97-081, Konya.

 

  • (2014). Information on levels of environmental noise requisite to protect public health welfare with an adequate margin of safety, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA technical document.

 

  • Evans, G., Hygge, S. (2007). Noise and performance in adults and children. In: Luxon, L., Prasher, D. (Eds.), Noise and its Effects. Whurr Publishers, London. Blanchfield B. Feldman J. Dunbar J. Gardner E. The severely to profoundly hearing-impaired population in the United States: Prevalence estimates and demographics. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 2001; 12, 183–189.

 

  • Ghanbari, M., Nadafi, K., Mosaferi, M., Yoonesian, M., Aslani, H. (2011). Study of noise pollution in the city of Tabriz in commercial and residential districts of Iran, Journal of Health and Environment, Iranian Society of Environmental Health, Fourth Edition, No.3, 375-384 pp. [In Persian].

 

  • Golmohammadi, R. (2010). Evaluation of Noise Propagation Characteristics of Compressors in Tehran Oil Refinery Center and Presenting Control Methods, Journal of Research in Health Sciences (JRHS). South T. Managing noise and vibration at work; a practical guide to assessment, measurement and control, Routledge; 1 edition, 2016; ISBN-13: 978-1138177994, 280 p.
  • Haji Beg Lou, M., Morsal, B. (2021). Presenting a model of the effects of tourism of sports venues on sustainable urban development (Case study: Mehdi Shahr city), Quarterly of New Attitudes in Human Geography (summer) 2021, Vol. 13. No 3. 393-419 pp. [In Persian].

 

  • Hansell, A.L., Blangiardo, M., Fortunato, L., Floud, S., Hoogh, K., Fecht, D. (2013). Aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease near London Heathrow Airport. Br. Med. J. 8, 347:f5432.

 

  • Hassmen, P., Koivula, N. (2001). Cardiac Deceleration in Elite Golfers as Modified by Noise and Anxiety during Putting Percept Mot Skills, 92, 947-957.

 

  • Karimi, E., Nassiri, P., Monnazam, M. (2011). Noise Pollution assessment in 14 distinctions of Tehran. Human and environment. 23. [In Persian].

 

  • Keles, R, (2010), The Quality of life and the Environment, Social and Behavioral Sciences, V. 35, pp. 23-32.

 

  • Malekshahi, G.H., Barani Pasyan, V., Aghaei, A., Nami, M.H., Molavi, M. (2020), Spatial pattern analysis of quality of life indicators in urban communities (Case study: Islamshahr), Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography (Human Geography), Volume 12, Number 1; pp 11-129. (In Persian).

 

  • Motallebi Kashani, M., Hannani, M., Akbari, H., Almasi, H. (2002). Noise Pollution Survey in Kashan City (2000- 2001). Feyz Journal. 6(1):30-36 [In Persian].

 

  • Mousavi, M., Bagheri Kashkoli, A. (2014), Evaluating the Spatial Distribution of Quality of Life in Sardasht Neighborhoods, Journal of Urban Research and Planning, Volume 3, Number 9, pp 97-118. (In Persian).

 

  • Muhr, P., Rasmussen, F., Rosenhall, U. (2007). Prevalence of hearing loss among 18-year-old Swedish men during the period 1971–1995. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 35, 524–532.

 

  • Nassiri, P., Esmaeelpour, M., Rahimi, A., Ebrahimi, H., Salimi, Y. (2014). Occupational noise exposure evaluation in drivers of bus transportation of Tehran City. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2(2):124-31 [In Persian].

 

  • (2017). Assessment guideline for Noise and Vibration, Islamic Republic of IRAN Ministry of Health and Medical Education Environmental and Occupational Health Center (EOHC)

 

  • Parkes, A., Kearns, A., Atkinson, R. (2002). What Makes People Dissatisfied with their Neighborhoods? Urban Studies. 39: 2413–38.

 

  • Pourqorban, A. (2018), Analysis and Evaluation of Quality of Life in Urban Areas (Case Study of Tabriz Landscape), Payashahr Monthly, 1 (9). (In Persian).

 

  • Salarpour, M., Vaziri, M., Jafari, M. (2017), Study of sound pollution and effective factors in Tehran Subway, The 16th International Conference on Transportation and Traffic Engineering, Sharif University, Tehran, Iran.

 

  • Sarkheil, H., Karimi Asl, Z., Talaeian Araghi, M. (2022), Modeling and estimating noise pollution on metro platforms of Darvazeh Doulat and Tajrish Stations in Tehran metropolis, Environmental sciences, Vol. 20 (1), 113-128 pp.

 

  • Stansfeld, S., Haines, M., Brown, B. (2000). Noise and Health in the Urban M Environment, Reviews of Environmental Health, 15:43-82.

 

  • Stansfeld, S.A., Matheson, M.P. (2003). Noise pollution: non-auditory effects on health. Br. Med. Bull. 68, 243-257.

 

  • Sommerhoff, J., Recuero, M., Suárez, E. (2004). Community noise survey of the city of Valdivia, Chile. Applied Acoustics. 2004; 65(7):643–56.

 

  • Sorensen, M., Andersen, Z.J., Nordsborg, R.B., Jensen, S.S., Lillelund, K.G., Beelen, R. (2007). Road traffic noise and incident myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One, 7 (6), e39283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0039283.

 

  • South, T. (2004). Managing noise and vibration at work, Oxford, Elsevier.

 

  • Sukru, D., Celalettin, O., Hakan, K., Sain, K. (2006). Noise pollution and map of Konja city in Turkey. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science. 1(1–2):63–72.

 

  • Taheri Hosseinabadi, M., Tayebi Sani, SM., Bahmanpour, H., Fahiminejad, A. (2019). Measurement of Sound Level in Sport Natural Areas Using the Maintaining Athletes’ Health Approach (The Case of Darakeh Mountainous Region, Tehran), Ann Appl Sport Sci, 7(4): 787.

 

  • Vogel, I., Brug, J., Vander Ploeg, C., Raat, H. (2007). Young people’s exposure to loud music: A summary of the literature. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33, 124–133.

 

  • Vogiatzis, K. (2019). Airport environmental noise mapping and land use management as an environmental protection action policy tool. The case of the Larnaka International Airport (Cyprus). Sci Total Environ; 424:162–73.

 

  • WG-AEN. (2007). Good practice guide for strategic noise mapping and the production of associated data on noise exposure. Position paper. European Commission Working Group Assessment of Exposure to Noise (WG-AEN): Version 2; August 2007.

 

  • (2018). European Centre for Environment and Health. Burden of disease from environmental noise quantification of healthy life years lost in Europe 2011. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.

 

  • Yang, W., Kang, J. (2005). Acoustic comfort evaluation in urban open public spaces. Applied Acoustics. 66: 211–29.

 

  • Zannin, P.H.T., Calixto, A., Diniz, F.B., Ferreira, J.A.C.A. (2003). Survey of urban noise annoyance in a large Brazilian city: the importance of a subjective analysis in conjunction with an objective analysis. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 23(2):245–55.