مهندسی ترافیک

مهندسی ترافیک

سیاست‌های قیمت‌گذاری تراکم: اثرات و موانع

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محمود صفارزاده 1
حمید میرزاحسین 2
مهدی فرید زاد 3
ابراهیم امیری 3
1 استاد گروه برنامه‌ریزی حمل‌ونقل، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه عمران-برنامه ریزی حمل‌ونقل، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران
3 کارشناس ارشد برنامه‌ریزی حمل‌ونقل، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
تراکم ترافیکی یکی از عوامل اصلی در افزایش هزینه‌های سفر به شمار می‌آید. در برخی کشورها جهت کاهش تراکم ترافیکی، آلودگی هوا و سفرهای غیرضروری شهروندان، سیاست‌های قیمت‌گذاری تراکم ترافیکی در نظر گرفته می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش، مروری بر تحقیقات صورت گرفته در رابطه با قیمت‌گذاری تراکم ترافیکی، اثرات و موانع پیش‌روی آن است. در این مطالعه به بررسی ضرورت اجرای طرح‌های قیمت‌گذاری در شهر‌های مختلف جهان، انواع طرح‌های قیمت‌گذاری و روش‌های محاسبه نرخ عوارض آن پرداخته شده است. همچنین از میان اثرات متفاوت قیمت‌گذاری، اثرات آن بر تراکم ترافیکی و اثرات مؤثر و غیر مؤثر آن بر آلودگی هوا و سلامت که از اهداف اجرای طرح‌های قیمت‌گذاری است، بررسی شده است. علاوه بر آن، اثرات طرح‌های قیمت‌گذاری بر اقتصاد محلی، کار، مسکن و کاربری زمین که از اثرات غیرمستقیم و بلندمدت قیمت‌گذاری است و همچنین از اهداف اجرای این‌گونه طرح‌ها بشمار نمی‌آیند، نیز بررسی شده است. مهم‌ترین نگرانی‌ که مردم و مسئولان اجرایی در خصوص هر طرح قیمت‌گذاری در منطقه خود دارند، بحث عدالت در اخذ عوارض و هزینه‌کرد آن در بخش‌های مختلف است. درنهایت امکان‌پذیری اجرای یک طرح قیمت‌گذاری در هر منطقه، با وجود طراحی مناسب، کارا و مؤثر، به پذیرش آن طرح توسط مردم آن منطقه بستگی دارد. برمبنای مطالعات گذشته می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که کارایی مطلوب یک طرح قیمت‌گذاری تراکم، اثربخشی آن، شاخص‌های تأثیرگذار، واکنش‌های رفتاری نسبت به آن و اثرات پنهان، مستقیم و غیرمستقیم، همگی وابسته به منطقه یا شهر موردمطالعه بوده و نیازمند تحقیقات مختص به خود است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اثرات قیمت‌گذاری
قیمت‌گذاری تراکم
کاربری زمین
موانع قیمت‌گذاری
مرور ادبیات
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